Improving emergency departments during COVID-19 pandemic: a simulation and MCDM approach with MARCOS methodology in an uncertain environment

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic forced healthcare systems to quickly modify swapping essentials. emergency department (ED) decision-making condition is complex and particularly unstable order for care in a stated period conducts decision-makers attempt alter assets touch the demand. ED managers are generally enforced discover strategies improving scenarios decreasing transfer of patients. For this end, proposed framework study first developed integrate simulation model flow process COVID-19 patients with Measurement Alternatives Ranking according COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) methodology Spherical fuzzy context assess prioritize based on desired performance measures. As contribution, determined importance measures sets. SF-MARCOS approach takes weights from expert’s team spherical theory values model, rank scenarios. Finally, real-life private hospital Tehran, Iran, illustrates effectiveness feasibility framework. analysis results shows that patients’ rate can be reduced by applying new sensible expenditure.